The most reliable way to follow an account on Mastodon and the rest of the Fediverse is to follow its account address, also known as its Fediverse address. All Fediverse accounts have a unique address that looks like this:
@ username @ server
Your address is usually visible on your profile page, just below your profile picture and display name. (On the Mastodon website you may need to click on the name of the server to make it display the full address.)
Account address on a profile, as seen through the official Mastodon appAccount address on a profile, as seen through the Mastodon web interfaceEvery post includes the Fediverse address of the person posting shown just below their username
If you want people to follow you on the Fediverse, give them your full account address from your profile. Addresses are by far the most reliable way to find an account’s profile. You can exchange Fediverse addresses with friends in real life the same way you would exchange phone numbers.
Each full account address is unique because only one account has that username on that server.
You can follow an account by copying and pasting its address into the search box on Mastodon (or whatever Fediverse server type you’re using) and then searching for it. The account associated with that address will appear in the search results, and clicking on it will take you to the account’s profile page. You can then follow it by clicking the Follow button.
An account address pasted into the search box on the official Mastodon appAn address pasted into the search box on the Mastodon desktop interface
What else can I do with a Fediverse address apart from follow people?
Fediverse addresses are how mentions work: just put an address in a post to mention someone. This will send them a notification, and will also let them see your post if you have set it to restricted visibility.
Other types of Fediverse addresses will also work on Mastodon
Why do Fediverse addresses look like email addresses?
Fediverse addresses look like email addresses because they use a similar structure for federating their networks together. Each server is independent and the servers talk to each other, so the address includes both the server’s name and the user’s name to make sure messages get to the correct account. Because only one person can register a particular username on a particular server, an account’s full address is always a unique combination.
Why does it usually show just the first part of my address in posts? Why does it sometimes show the full addresses?
In order to make the posts easier to read, Mastodon and many other Fedi platforms abbreviate addresses to just show the first part of the address when you’re @-ing people within a post. However, if there are two addresses with the same username being discussed in the same post, then Mastodon will show the entire addresses to avoid confusion.
Think of it like names and full names in real life: in a conversation you would probably just use part of someone’s name (“Have you met John?”), but if there were two identical names in the same conversation you might say both names in full to distinguish them (“Have you met John Smith and John McDonald?”).
Why can’t I just find accounts by searching?
You can find accounts by searching, however if an account is very new or if no one on your server has ever interacted with it, it may not be visible in search results yet. This is why account addresses are so useful, because they force your server to notice that account straight away.
Does registering a username on one server reserve that username on all other servers?
No. Fediverse account addresses are structured like email addresses: your address is unique because it’s a particular combination of username and server that no one else has.
Someone else can register the same username on a different server, but then their address will be different because the server part will be different. This prevents the accounts being mixed up by the network.
To avoid confusion, Mastodon shows the full addresses if two accounts with the same username are mentioned in the same post.
(This is how email works too: the person with the email example@gmail.com may not be the same person as the one with example@yahoo.com, even though the username part is the same.)
You can use Mastodon entirely through your server’s website if you prefer. This works especially well on computers, but the mobile web interface is good too and appears automatically on small screens. To log in through the web:
Go to your server’s website
Click the Sign in button
Log in with the same email and password you use to sign in on the app
What’s my server’s website address?
It’s usually the same as the name of your server. For example, if you joined Mastodon through the server kind.social you would log in through the website kind.social ⧉.
Why would I want to use my server’s website instead of a mobile app?
Mastodon’s official website interface is the reference platform for Mastodon’s development, and it usually receives the latest features first. Most features are eventually adopted by apps too, but they tend to be released first for the website interface.
Also, some features on the website are still not on any apps, and some account settings can only be adjusted from the website interface.
Can I install Mastodon as a web app on my home screen?
How does the website interface cope with small or large screens?
It adjusts its layout to cope with whatever your current screen size is, and includes layouts specifically for computers, phones and tablets.
Can I see the tablet and phone interfaces on a computer?
If you’re on a computer and want to see what the phone and tablet interfaces are like, try making your web browser’s window narrower. When it’s medium width it will show you the tablet interface, and when it’s narrow width it will show you the phone interface.
Can I log in from other servers’ websites?
No, you can only log in from your own server’s website. Each server on Mastodon and the Fediverse is independent and has its own website for that server’s members.
It’s exactly the same situation as with email: there is no central email website, you can only log into email through specific email providers such as Yahoo Mail, Gmail etc.
I have a web link to a post on another mastodon server. How do I interact with it on my server if I can’t log in on other servers?
Copy and paste the web link into the search box on your own server. This will make the post appear within your own server and you will be able to interact with it.
My password doesn’t work! I can’t remember my password! I can’t log in, help!
If you are unable to log in through your server’s website, try doing these steps in this order:
Make sure you are logging in on the correct website. You have to log in through your own server’s site, which will usually be the same as the server’s name. If you don’t know your server’s name, it’s in the last part of your account address.
Make sure you are typing the password correctly. Passwords are case sensitive, so you need to make sure each letter’s case is correct.
Underneath the login form there will be a link that says something like “Forgotten password?” or “Having trouble logging in?”. Click this link, then enter your email address and it will send you an email with a reset link in it. If the email hasn’t arrived after a few minutes, check your spam folder in case it’s there,
If you’re still having trouble logging in on Mastodon, go to your server’s website and click on ⋯ (if you’re on the mobile website) or on your server’s About link in the bottom left corner (if you’re on the desktop website). This will take you to your server’s info page. Your server admin’s public email address will be shown in the info page’s section marked “CONTACT:”, you can send them an email to ask for help with logging in even if you get locked out.
By the way, if you have a computer using Mastodon through the website is perhaps the best way to experience it. Fans of the multicolumn Tweetdeck may also want to try the advanced web interface.
Many people start on Mastodon through the official app, simply called “Mastodon” on the Apple App Store, Google Play and F-Droid. However, you don’t need to use this! In fact most people prefer alternatives if they’ve tried them.
Because Mastodon is deliberately built on open standards, it doesn’t restrict you to using it in one particular way. Most people who try third party Mastodon apps tend to prefer them to the official app. There are also lots of people who prefer using their server’s website, and afficionados might enjoy more obscure options too. The basic idea is to let the user choose how they access their Mastodon account instead of imposing anything on them.
But don’t I need to sign up through the official app?
No! You can sign up via your server’s website, and sign-ups actually work better when done through websites. Once you’ve signed up, you can use your account on any Mastodon app you want. You can even use the same account on many different apps at once, which is a great way to compare them.
Does the official app have any special privileges as it’s official?
No. The official app has no special privileges, all apps have equal access to Mastodon’s features. Mastodon’s server software deliberately uses open standards and does not force anyone to use it in any particular way.
Anyone is free to write software that works with Mastodon servers, and as a result there is a wide range of third party Mastodon apps that people can use with their account.
So why does the official Mastodon app exist?
Mastodon was originally launched in 2016 and all of its apps were third party. It was originally designed to be used through third party apps or your server’s website.
The official Mastodon app (for Android and iPhone/iPad) was only introduced in 2022 as new people were expecting there to be an official app and couldn’t find “Mastodon” in the app stores. The official app was originally intended mainly as a beginner’s app and was not meant to replace the third party apps. It was mainly just a simple way into Mastodon for people who discover their social networks through app stores.
Can you provide more info about all the different ways of using my Mastodon account?
Yes! See the sections below for details on all the options for accessing Mastodon.
Third party Mastodon apps
Third party apps tend to have more and better features than the official app, and most people who try them prefer them. Because Mastodon uses open technical standards, all apps have equal access to all of Mastodon’s features. The official app has no special advantages or privileges compared to third party apps.
The Mastodon web interface is excellent and generally gets the latest features first. It can be used on computer, tablet or phone, and automatically changes to a mobile layout when used on a small screen.
Third party web interfaces
There are also third party web interfaces you can use instead of your server’s official website. You can log in using the same details, but it will work through a different interface.
One of the most popular third party web interfaces is called Elk, which you can try at elk.zone ⧉ and if you’re a techy person you can find out more at Elk’s Github page ⧉.
Another popular option third party web interface is Phanpy which can be tried at phanpy.social ⧉ and there is more info about this for techy people on Phanpy’s Github page ⧉.
What happens to my posts and messages and followers if I switch to a third party app or use the website?
All your Mastodon posts, followers, messages etc are stored on your server, and not on any app.
Your account will be exactly the same whether you’re using the website, the official app or a third party app, as these are all just different methods of accessing the same account on the same server.
What about safety? How safe are third party apps compared to official apps?
Obviously it’s a bad idea to ever install random unknown apps from sources you don’t trust. However, the apps listed on this page are all well-established and recommended on the official Mastodon website’s apps page ⧉ (scroll down past the official apps section).
Also, most of the apps listed are open source so their workings are visible to anyone in the outside world. Any shenanigans in what a widely-used open source app does would be noticed fairly soon by outside observers.
How do apps handle my account password? Do the apps find out what my password is?
The security of your Mastodon account works like this:
The sign-in process on all apps (including official, third party and web apps) happens through your server’s website, which the app opens in a built-in web browser window. That’s why the sign-in page on apps looks like your server’s website, because it is your server’s website.
None of the apps listed on this page ever find out your password, all they know is that your server confirmed the password is correct and the server gave the app a special access token so it could work with your account. (Tokens are just a special code that lets apps and servers talk to each other.) That’s why the sign-in process always includes asking you about permissions, it is your server asking if you want to give that app an access token.
If you don’t want an app to work with your account any more, you can cancel its access token by logging in on your server’s website and going to Preferences > Account > Authorised Apps, then click the Revoke button for the app you want to remove permission from. Revoking will stop that app having any access to your account. (On the mobile website, you may need to click the cog icon ⚙️ and then ☰ in the top right corner to get to the Account section.)
You can make your account even more secure by enabling two-factor authentication, an extra layer of security which means even if someone found out your password they would still be unable to log into your account.
Can I use more than one app at the same time?
Yes, you can use the same account on many different apps simultaneously if you want to. You can also be logged into your server’s website or web app.
Can I use more than one account on the same app?
Yes, you can use multiple accounts on the same app, the apps all let you be logged in with several accounts and switch between them when posting etc.
The reason the Fediverse exists is to be spread out on lots of separate servers, it means no one person or company controls the network and if anyone does something bad they can be blocked by others.
By keeping the network spread out, if means if you are unhappy with how your server is run you can move elsewhere, or even start your own, and there are many other benefits for users. Click here for more about why the Fediverse is spread out on many servers. If everyone joins a single massive server like mastodon.social, the advantages of the Fediverse disappear.
I thought the largest server meant it was the best server?
No, this isn’t true:
The largest servers are the easiest for nasty billionaires to buy out, which puts the network as a whole at risk. By staying spread out on many servers, you are helping to protect the network from anyone taking it over.
The largest servers tend to have the worst staff-to-member ratio, which means the moderation will be worse. Also, if you have a technical problem it will be a lot harder to get hold of anyone who can fix it.
You don’t need to be on the largest server to get lots of follows and followers. The fedi.tips account ⧉ has over 200,000 followers but is on a single user server.
The experience of following an account is identical whether you’re on the same server or not. You don’t need to be on the same server as people you follow.
Smaller servers usually have a friendlier community atmosphere on their Local timelines, while the Local timeline on large servers is an unreadable firehose.
Why is mastodon.social in particular not a good server to join? What does “too big to defederate” mean?
There are four main problems with mastodon.social:
Mastodon.social is by far the largest Mastodon server now. As it becomes an ever-larger percentage of the overall network, the more it puts the Fediverse in danger of being bought out. It’s not a question of absolute numbers but of percentages: if most of the network is on one server, then that server effectively controls the overall network.
There’s a second problem: mastodon.social’s moderation has suffered, as the growth means it has fewer moderators per person. It is getting harder for mastodon.social’s moderators to keep tabs on what happens.
Added to this is a third danger: mastodon.social is so much larger than other servers, that other servers have become afraid of defederating it. Normally if a server’s moderation or behaviour goes downhill, other servers can block it, and the more a server is blocked the more isolated it becomes. This gives all servers an incentive to be well moderated. But if one server is far larger than the others, it makes it much harder to defederate because it would mean cutting users off from a massive chunk of the network. The more of the network is on a single server, the harder it becomes to block it, and the worse moderation becomes across the entire network.
The fourth issue with mastodon.social is who owns it: Mastodon gGmbH, the organisation owned by the lead developer of the software that all Mastodon servers run on. This organisation also owns the official Mastodon apps and the official Mastodon website, and owns the trademark for the word “Mastodon” in relation to social networks. This is a massive concentration of power in a single organisation owned by a single person.
Putting these together creates a nightmare scenario for the Fediverse: a server that is too big to block, with moderation going downhill, which controls the official apps and trademarks and website, and which is now using these official channels to grow their own server at the expense of other servers. In short, mastodon.social is helping to centralise a network which was set up to be decentralised.
How does mastodon.social control the official Mastodon apps and official Mastodon website?
Mastodon.social is owned by Mastodon gGmbH, the organisation owned by the lead developer of the software which runs on Mastodon servers. They also make the official mobile apps, and own the trademark of the word “Mastodon” in relation to social networks. There is a tremendous amount of power concentrated in one place here, and joining mastodon.social makes the situation even worse.
I’m already on mastodon.social. How do I move my account elsewhere? Can I keep my followers and follows? Can I move back if I change my mind?
If you want to move your account to another server, click here to see the account transfer guide. You can keep your followers and follows, they will be moved automatically as long as you follow all the steps. You can move back to the old account if you change your mind.
Can someone steal my username if I move off mastodon.social?
No. Once an account has been registered, no one else can ever register that username on that server. Even if an account is deleted, the server keeps a permanent list of usernames to prevent impersonations and will refuse signups with those usernames.
If I move off mastodon.social, will people know where to find my new account?
Yes, when you move servers your old account will redirect people to your new account. You can also manually add a message to your old account profile telling people about your new account.
But the Mastodon app said to join mastodon.social! Why would it do this if there was anything wrong with it?
The official Mastodon apps and official Mastodon website are owned by the same organisation as mastodon.social. This organisation is owned by one person, the lead developer of the software which runs on all Mastodon servers.
Ths organisation has highly irresponsibly started driving people to sign up on mastodon.social by default, which goes against everything Mastodon stood for when it was founded. It’s unclear why they are doing this now when they opposed it before.
Isn’t it just easier for non-technical people to join a single server? Isn’t that why the official apps suggest joining mastodon.social?
It makes sense to choose a server and say to unsure non-technical people “just sign up on this server”. That does make sign-ups easier.
However, it doesn’t make sense to tell new users to sign up on the largest server. Promoting the largest server doesn’t make it any easier to sign up, but it does put the network itself in danger. Also, centralising the network like this undermines the entire point of signing up on a decentralised network in the first place.
But I thought mastodon.social is the default server? Doesn’t it have some special status in the network?
No, mastodon.social is not special in any way. All servers are totally independent, and do not depend on mastodon.social in any technical sense.
Mastodon.social became a very big server mainly because it was the first Mastodon server and is owned by the Mastodon software’s lead developer. It has no technical advantages or privileges over any other server. It would be like expecting the oldest telephone company to be better than the others because ir was first.
But even if everyone joined mastodon.social, it would still be decentralised? People could still join other servers?
There is nothing technically requiring Fediverse servers to federate. There is an option in Mastodon’s software called “isolated mode” where all federation is shut off and the server runs as a single centralised social network. It’s rarely used, but the technical option exists. If the people running mastodon.social wanted to stop federating with others, they could do so.
But even if the technical option didn’t exist, decentralisation is only meaningful on a network when the network is spread out. If most of a server’s interactions are with people on other servers, the server’s admin will be forced to consider the opinions and needs of other servers and rely on their existence. But if most of a server’s interactions are within that server, the server’s admin will no longer need to think about other servers and will no longer depend on their existence. The network will effectively be centralised.
There is also a precedent for decentralised networks becoming centralised: Facebook’s messenger system used to be part of a wider open messaging standard called XMPP, which allowed Facebook members to message with people outside Facebook. Then one day Facebook just switched off federation ⧉, and its members could only message with each other while those outside Facebook were cut off from Facebook members. If the XMPP network had been more spread out, it would have been much more difficult for Facebook to switch off federation.
What about the other non-Mastodon platforms on the Fediverse?
At the moment, Mastodon’s userbase is larger than all the other Fediverse platforms put together several times over.
It would be fantastic if other Fediverse server types took up a larger percentage of the Fediverse, and an ideal situation would be if no one platform had a majority. But as things stand, Mastodon servers have by far the largest percentage of the Fediverse’s total userbase.
I’m on a very new small server, but it seems a bit quiet. How do I make it busier?
If your server is quiet, especially if it is new, perhaps it can’t see the rest of the Fediverse yet. As more people sign up on your server, and as your server’s members follow accounts from other servers, it will gradually start noticing more of the Fediverse and start to feel busier.
However, if you want to speed up this process of discovering the rest of the Fediverse, there are ways of doing this:
Join some Fediverse groups. Groups are available on a wide range of topics, and actively send all their posts to everyone that follows them, regardless of the size of their server.
Ask your server admin if they would consider using relay servers. This will quickly give a server a much wider view of the Fediverse, and are especially useful if they’re topic-specific relays.
Fediverse servers do sometimes decide to close for a variety of reasons. However, all of the servers listed at JoinMastodon.org ⧉ and Fedi.Garden ⧉ have promised to give at least three months notice if they are going to close down. This gives the server’s members lots of time to transfer their accounts to other servers. The transfer process lets people keep their followers, follows, blocks etc.
If you have any links to your account outside the Fediverse, remember to update them to your new account
How do I avoid being on a server that closes down suddenly?
Your best option is to choose a server listed on Fedi.Garden ⧉ or JoinMastodon.org ⧉ as all the listed servers have promised to give three months warning if they intend to shut down.
Do servers shut down because they’re small?
No.
Any online service of any size may shut down one day, even really huge services used by hundreds of millions of people ⧉, and those that keep going may not be quite the same ⧉. If an online service is centralised, which almost all commercial services are, then when it closes you lose your account and everything in it, no matter how huge and immortal the service might seem.
Mastodon and the Fediverse aren’t centralised. They are federated, which means you aren’t trapped if a server decides to shut down. If a server on a federated network says it is going to close, you can transfer your account to another server and keep your account alive. You can even set up your own server if you want to.
What if a server goes down just temporarily? What happens to posts or messages that are being sent to it while it is down?
If a server breaks down temporarily and other servers can’t get through to it, the other servers will wait a while and try to communicate with it again when some time has passed. When the server goes back online, it will start to automatically catch up on the posts and messages it has missed.
Messages and posts do not get lost because a server goes down, they just go in a queue for resending later.
(This is the same process used by email servers, they will also wait and retry later if an email doesn’t get through straight away.)
If you’re totally new to Mastodon and the Fediverse, the safest and easiest way to join is probably to go to JoinMastodon.org ⧉ or Fedi.Garden ⧉ and pick one of the listed servers. After you’ve signed up, you can use your account on the server’s website, or use the same account on an app if you prefer, or use both web and app.
Many of the servers are themed or intended for particular kinds of people, but many of them are just general. If you can’t make up your mind, just pick one of the general servers from those lists.
Is there a more direct, in-depth way to find out about a server?
If you know the server you want info about, go to its website and click on the Learn more or ⋯ links, which will take you to that server’s About page. A server’s website address is usually the same as its name, so for example the server laserdisc.party would be at the web address laserdisc.party ⧉
The About page will contain general information about the server, as well as a list of the server’s rules and a link to the server administrator’s page (along with their public email address). It may also show a list of other servers that the server has blocked, which can be a useful indicator of the server’s priorities and how responsibly it is run.
What are the differences between servers?
Each server is totally independent: it is owned by the person or group who maintains it, it makes its own rules of acceptable behaviour and is responsible for moderation, it chooses which other servers it blocks, and all these things together give it a general vibe or atmosphere. The sense of community is usually much stronger and friendlier on medium and smaller servers.
Because Mastodon and the rest of the Fediverse is built on open technical standards, servers are free to offer features that aren’t available on standard Mastodon. For example, some servers allow you to write longer posts.
What’s to stop a server shutting down?
Any kind of internet site can disappear ⧉, but the Fediverse reduces this risk by letting you move your account to another server if the one you’re on is closing.
Another way of mitigating the risks of shutdowns is to join a server that has been around for a long time. The Fedi.Garden website has a section which lists recommended servers sorted by the year they were founded ⧉. You can also check a server’s age by clicking on the administrator’s profile link on its About page. Because the admin is usually the one who founded the server, their joining date on their profile page usually tells you the server’s age too.
Do I need to join more than one server?
No. You don’t need to join more than one server, because the servers talk to each other seamlessly. If your friend is on another server you can still follow each other, and being on different servers doesn’t affect that at all. (It’s similar to friends being on different phone providers, they can still call each other.)
Medium and small servers also tend to have much better moderation. Their ratio of staff to users is much higher than on large servers, so if there are any problems it’s much easier to reach someone who can help.
Can I move my account if I change my mind about which server to join?
Yes! You can always transfer your account to a different server if you want to be somewhere else instead. The transfer process lets you keep your followers and follows, plus bookmarks, blocks, mutes and lists. Posts from the old account remain on your old server, but when people click on the profile name above old posts they will be redirected to your new account’s profile page.
How do I find out how long a server has been going?
Finding out how long a server has been going can be useful, because long-running servers tend to be more stable as they have a proven track record.
If you visit the server’s About page by clicking Learn more or ⋯, there will be a section marked “Administered by”. This will link to the admin’s account profile, and this will show when they joined. The admin’s joining date is usually the same as the time the server was created.
Yes, apart from fedi.tips there are lots of other places you can also get help:
If you prefer physical books, there’s “Mastodon For Dummies” by Chris Minnick and Mike McCallister (ISBN: 978-1-394-19336-3), available from bookshops and libraries. It’s also available as an e-book from services like Kobo or Kindle, and as an audiobook from all major audiobook platforms.
There’s an excellent friendly and simple (but surprisingly detailed) video called “The Crafter’s Guide to the Fediverse” ⧉. It’s made by a crafting channel but it also works as a general intro to Mastodon and the Fediverse for anyone.
(If your account is new and you don’t have any followers yet, don’t bother doing all this! Just sign up on the server you want and delete your old account. These instructions are for people who have followers and want to keep them.)
You can migrate your Mastodon account to another server if you want. Moving lets you keep your followers, follows, bookmarks, lists, mutes, blocks and domain blocks.
The instructions below might seem a bit complicated as they combine several different procedures together, but you only have to do these things once per migration.
You should use the websites of your old and new servers, as these contain all the features needed to do a transfer. (You can’t do a transfer via the apps at the moment.)
Why would I want to transfer my account?
There are many different reasons why people might transfer their account to a different server. The most common reasons are:
Moving to a server with better moderation
Moving to a server that is technically more reliable
Moving to a server where the community and/or rules fit your needs better
Wanting to use extra features on a different server such as larger character limits, rich text, local-only post visibilities etc.
Having to leave a server because it is closing down (this is why well-run servers promise to give several months warning if they ever close down, so people have time to transfer their accounts elsewhere)
There are also automated sites available with much wider selections of servers, but they may not be as reliable because they aren’t having to provide commitments to minimum standards. It’s safer to use a human-curated server list.
Before you do the transfer, make a note of your followed hashtags and filters
Followed hashtags and timeline filters aren’t currently transferred, so if you want to keep them you’ll need to make a note of your existing hashtag follows and filters before the transfer, then set them up manually on the new account after the transfer.
To see your current followed hashtags, go to your profile, click on ︙ and then Followed hashtags. To see your current filters go to Preferences > Filters.
How to transfer your account to the new server
This is a step-by-step guide to transferring your account from one Mastodon server to another. It’s a bit long because it combines several different guides into one list, but it takes care of everything in one go.
If you just want to transfer your followers (people who follow you) and you don’t care about transferring anything else, you can skip steps 1-3 and go straight to step 4.
Create a new account on the server you want to move to, but DO NOT delete the old account.
On your OLD account, go to your old server’s website and log in. Click on ⚙️ Preferences, then Import And Export, then Data Export and download all the “CSV” files one file at a time by clicking on the CSV icons. However, DO NOT press the archive request button! Archive request has got nothing to do with transfers. (You of course may want to separately request an archive just so you have a personal copy of an account’s contents. This is especially relevant if your old server is closing down.) Also note that there is no CSV for followers, as they are handled by a seprate process explained in steps 4 to 6 below.
Log into your NEW account on the new server’s website. Click on ⚙️ Preferences, then Import And Export, then Import and upload the CSV files one at a time (the files which you just downloaded in the previous step). When you’re doing the uploading, select the file type for each CSV file from the drop-down menu before you upload it, for example select “Bookmarks” if you’re uploading the bookmarks file.
On your NEW account, go to your new server’s website and log in. Go to ⚙️ Preferences > Account > Moving From A Different Account at the bottom of the screen, click on Create an account alias and follow the instructions. (When it asks you to write your old account’s handle, it needs to include the @ at the start as well as the @ in the middle.)
After you’ve finished the previous step, wait at least five minutes. The previous step can take a while for the server to actually carry out, and it’s important that it happens before you continue. While you’re waiting, you might want to optionally change your OLD account’s name to say “(YOUR OLD ACCOUNT NAME HERE) has moved” and change your OLD profile text to tell people your new account address. You don’t technically have to do this, but it helps make extra-sure that everyone can see you’ve moved.
When you’ve finished waiting, log into your OLD account on the old server’s website, go to ⚙️ Preferences > Account > Move To A Different Account (also at the bottom of the screen), click on Configure it here and follow the instructions. This will start transferring your followers to the new account. The accounts won’t transfer all in one go, they will come across in waves depending on how busy their own servers are. Some of your followers will automatically follow your new account straight away, while others may take hours (or in extreme cases even days!).
Even after the transfer, DO NOT delete your old account. It’s best to leave it where it is, because it will redirect people to your new account and leave your old posts intact. Your old posts will redirect people to your new account as long as you don’t delete the old account.
Make sure you do all these steps in the correct order. If you miss stuff out or do things in the wrong order, the transfer may fail or be incomplete.
After doing all these steps, your old account will redirect to the new one, and your followers, follows, bookmarks, mutes and blocks will transfer automatically. There may be a delay on some items transferring, do not worry if this happens.
This seems way too complicated, can I skip some steps?
If you only want to move your followers (people who follow you) and don’t care about transferring anything else, skip steps 1 to 3 and go straight to step 4.
I’ve clicked on ⚙️ Preferences but I can’t see the options you’re talking about?
If you’re using your server’s website on a phone, after you’ve clicked ⚙️ Preferences you may have to then click ☰ in the top right corner to see all the options within Preferences.
What happens to my old profile after the move?
After you confirm the move in step 6 above, your old account profile will automatically turn black and white, people will not be able to follow it, and there will be a notice on top of it telling people that you have moved your account to a new address, along with a link to your new account’s profile.
However, not every Fediverse app shows this automatic notice, and it may be a good idea to also add a manually-created note of the new account address. See step 5 of the procedure for more info on how to do this.
How long does it take for all my followers to transfer over?
Most people on your follower list should transfer over in a few hours, but for some of your followers it may take days or weeks to automatically follow your new account. There’s nothing you can do to speed this up, because it depends on how busy their server is and how many tasks it has to do before it gets to your follower’s update. Busier servers may have longer processing queues and take longer to handle follower transfers.
However, your followers can skip this queue by manually following your new account. It won’t cause any problems if they do this. You can encourage them to follow your new account manually if you prefer.
I did the transfer but there are still some followers on my old account. How do I bring them over to the new account?
If there are still followers on your old account after 30 days, you can do the procedure below to bring the remaining followers over to the new account. This won’t affect followers who have already been transferred, they will remain on your new account whatever happens.
To transfer followers that are still on your old account:
Log into your OLD server’s website or web app, this should take you straight to the old account’s settings page (if it doesn’t, try logging out and then logging in again, and do this on a desktop computer or tablet in horizontal mode rather than a phone)
Scroll down to the section marked Move to a different account and click the Configure it here link
Click Cancel redirect at the top of the screen
Scroll down to the Move to a different account section and enter your NEW account’s account address and your OLD account’s password
Click the Move Followers button
Your remaining followers should then start transferring over to your new account. Just like the first time, this second attempt may take days to finish. If there are still some followers on the old account after another 30 days, you can do it a third time etc.
The reason for the 30 day “cooldown” period is to give the first transfer time to work, as some servers do take days or weeks to get round to processing follower transfer requests.
Note that a small proportion of your followers may be on broken servers which aren’t processing transfer requests. There’s nothing you can do to transfer such followers, but that kind of situation is rare.
Why don’t the followers all transfer on the first go? And why do some followers never transfer even after repeating the process several times?
There are lots of reason why a follower might not immediately transfer to your new account when you start the transfer process:
They are already following your new account, and the transfer process hasn’t removed their follow from the old account.
Their server is down temporarily, the transfer should succeed automatically later.
Their server is unusually busy and isn’t currently handling automatic transfer requests.
Their server is down permanently. This means they can never be transferred. You can check if a follower’s server is down by visiting its original page.
Their server’s settings are incorrect, and this is messing up the transfer process.
Their account is deleted, but for some reason it’s still visible from your server.
Their account is on a server which uses software that isn’t compatible with the automatic transfer process. You will have to ask them to transfer their follow manually.
Your new account’s server has defederated the server of the old account’s follower, and this is preventing the transfer.
It’s worth trying to do the process again after 30 days because some of your followers on the old server will be ones that just had temporary barriers (such as a temporary fault on their server). But don’t worry too much if some followers remain stubbornly on the old account, because they are probably either following your new account already or their accounts no longer exist.
What happens to my old posts? Do they transfer over as well?
Your old posts cannot be transferred. However, your old posts will still exist on the old server, as long as you don’t delete your old account. Also, your old posts will redirect people to your new account if people click on the username above the post.
If you absolutely have to delete your old account for some reason, you can do so, but it will mean all your old posts will disappear and people will find it more difficult to find your new account.
If you want to make sure your content is completely under your control forever, you can start your own server for around US$8 a month on a managed hosting service ⧉. Managed hosting means the hosting company does all the technical stuff behind the scenes, so you don’t have to be a techy person to use this option.
Does the new account I’m transferring to have to be empty?
It doesn’t have to be empty. You can transfer your account to any other account, including accounts that already have followers.
Can I transfer my account if one of the servers is blocking the other?
Yes, but it requires a bit of patience.
If one server is blocking another, it prevents accounts being transferred directly between them. However, if you can find a neutral third server which isn’t blocked by either your old or new server, you can transfer your account to the third server temporarily, and then later transfer your account from the third server to the new server you wanted to go to in the first place.
Note that you’ll have to wait for your followers to transfer over to the neutral third server before you can go on to the new server. Think of it like booking a flight: a direct flight to your destination isn’t available, so you have to have an extended stopover on the way.
I keep getting an error message saying “something isn’t quite right yet!” when I try to enter my old account address on the new server.
If you are 100% sure you have entered the address correctly, then the error is possibly due to one of the servers blocking the other. See the tip above this for how to work around this problem.
Why isn’t there a CSV file for followers?
CSV files are easy to copy and upload to multiple different accounts. This makes CSVs unsuitable for transferring followers, as they could be misused to clone followers onto an unlimited number of other accounts.
Can I go back to my old account if I change my mind?
Yes. As long as you don’t delete your old account, and as long as the server it is on is still functioning, you can always go back to your old account and cancel the redirect.
To go back to your old account:
Log into the website or web app of your old server with your old account’s details
This should take you to a settings page with a message at the top saying the account is inactive
Click on the Cancel redirect link in the message at the top
Followers you transferred to the new account will remain on the new account even if you cancel the redirect, but you can transfer them back from the new account to the old account if you want by using the normal transfer process in reverse.
Can I go back to the new account again if I change my mind about going back to the old account?
Yes, you can go back and forth between accounts if you want, and transfer your followers back and forth too.
However, there will be a cooldown period of 30 days between such transfers. Also, if you do this a lot some people may get confused, and you may lose a few followers if they are on servers that aren’t handling transfers properly.
I tried uploading my data and it won’t recognise it! It says “Invalid CSV File”. What’s happening?
It sounds like you’re trying to upload your account archive file, which is not used in account transfers. The layout of the data export page is a bit misleading, transfers only involve the individual CSV links. The archive request button is not used in account transfers. (If you want to find out more about archives, see the guide to Mastodon post archives here.)
Click on the server you want, this will take you to the server’s own website where you can do the actual signing up.
Once you have signed up, you can log in on that server’s website, or if you prefer you can use it through a Mastodon app.
Also remember that if you pick the wrong server, you can always transfer your account to another server (including your follows and followers). It’s not a permanent decision, you can always move elsewhere if you want.
How do I find out more about a server before signing up?
If you click on a server on Fedi.Garden, that will take you to the front page of the server’s website. You can then find out more by clicking the ⋯ icon (on the mobile website) or the About link in the bottom left corner (on the desktop website).
If you’re finding a server via JoinMastodon.org, it will take you straight to a sign-up page. Click the link marked Back at the bottom of the sign-up page to go to the server’s front page, and you can then click ⋯ or About to find out more about it.
Do I need to sign up via the official Mastodon app?
No. Each server is totally independent, you can sign up directly on the server’s website without having anything to do with the app. Once you’re signed up, you can use that account on any Mastodon app you want.
I tried to log in on the official Mastodon app but it didn’t show my server? How do I log in?
To log in on the official Mastodon app with your server:
If you have already created your account on the server’s website, click on Log in at the bottom of the title screen
Type your server’s name in full in the search box. Don’t worry if the automatic suggestions don’t match, just keep typing! When you have finished typing your entire server name in full, it will show it below.
When your server appears below, click on it and then click Continue. This will open a special browser window where you can sign in on your server.
Sign in with your email address and password.
Click Authorize. (This screen is just your server’s way of asking you if it is okay for your app to use your account.)
That’s it, you should now be logged in with your account on the official Mastodon app.
You don’t have to use the official app, most people find that third party apps are better, but they will all have a similar process for signing in with your account.
I’m moving my account from elsewhere. Do I still need to sign up for a new account?
Yes, even if you’re moving you still need to sign up on the server you want to move to. The process of transferring accounts will ask you where you want to move to, and this is when you tell it about your new account.
Are all Fediverse servers listed on Fedi.Garden and JoinMastodon.org?
No. There are thousands of servers in total on the Fediverse, and only a small fraction are listed on these curated sites. The reason these sites only list a small fraction is because they need to meet certain minimum standards ⧉ and also be open for sign-ups. Some servers are closed to sign-ups, or don’t meet the standards, or they just don’t want to be listed on curated sites.
Also, in the case of JoinMastodon.org, it only shows Mastodon servers but there are many non-Mastodon servers on the Fediverse too. Fedi.Garden shows some non-Mastodon servers too.
Help! This server list is really overwhelming me with choice!
If you’re not sure where to sign up, just sign up on a general server from one of the human-curated lists above.
I found an automated Fediverse server list with huge numbers of servers listed! Should I use it to find a server to sign up on?
No. Automated lists just show every server they can find, regardless of whether it is reliable or safe. Automated lists are mainly designed just to show info about the entire Fediverse, rather than suggest servers to sign up on.
Simplified diagram of the Fediverse, showing many kinds of social media servers connected together
If you call someone on an ordinary phone, your phone provider will connect to the phone provider of the person you’re calling. You don’t need to be on the same provider to call someone. This works worldwide and seamlessly, because all the hundreds of phone providers in the world talk to each other. From the user’s point of view, it’s as if all phones in the world are on the same network.
The Fediverse (or “Fedi”) is basically the same idea, but for social media. The Fediverse is a collection of thousands of independent social media servers that talk to each other seamlessly. This means that the millions of users on these servers can interact with each other as if they were on a single social network.
There are many kinds of Fediverse servers, often with a specific purpose such as photo sharing, video sharing, livestreaming, book clubs etc. Although the various types of servers work very differently, they talk to each other with a common technical standard called ActivityPub. The common standard means people on totally different kinds of servers can follow and interact with each other seamlessly.
In fact, the process of interacting with other servers is so seamless, most people don’t even notice that they are communicating with other servers!
Could you give some examples of this in action? How do different kinds of servers interact?
Let’s suppose someone has an account on a Mastodon server, which means they have a Twitter-style timeline and features. They can create short posts, follow other people, reply to posts, share posts, like posts etc. That person can follow and interact with accounts from other Mastodon servers, but they can also follow accounts from completely different kinds of Fediverse servers too.
For example, if they follow a video account from PeerTube, videos from the PeerTube account will appear in their Mastodon timeline just like Mastodon posts do. If they reply to one of these video posts in their timeline on Mastodon, that reply will also appear as a comment below that video on PeerTube.
There are many other kinds of server on the Fediverse, such as Pixelfed for photos, BookWyrm for reviewing books, WordPress for writing blogs etc. All of them can be followed and interacted with from Mastodon accounts.
I thought the Fediverse and Mastodon were the same thing? Where does the word “Fediverse” come from?
Mastodon is currently the most popular kind of Fediverse server, but it’s just one kind. There are many other kinds, communicating through a common standard to form a single network. The collective term for this network of compatible servers is “The Fediverse”, which is short for “Federated Universe”. There’s a short video about the Fediverse ⧉ which sums up its nature.
